A call to a Butte/ Padre 7th leaf orchard in the Hilmar/Livingston area provided some interesting symptoms associated with uptake from herbicides. Five days after a flood irrigation, the grower noticed that a few trees on the end of five  rows were collapsing (Figure1). The damage was occurring across varieties affecting two out of three scaffolds. The soil texture was a sand common to the Hilmar/Livingston area. Figure 1: Overview of tree collapse. Figure 2: Damaged tissue progressing from the tree roots into the trunk A closer inspection of the tree showed a sunken area on the bark, but no gumming was present. Bark removal revealed a large red canker progressing up the tree from the soil (Figure 2). Removing the soil, the damaged plant tissue was visible on the roots, but stopped about five feet from the trunk (Figure 2). At that point, the roots beyond that point appeared healthy. Leaves of the tree were yellow, maintaining green veins – similar to a few different nutrient deficiencies. Creating a cross section, it became clear that something was trans-located up the tree through the xylem – as evident by the dis-colorization of the tissue (Figure 3 and 4). This suggested that the problem was not due to a disease, but rather something chemical.  Figures 3 and 4: Bark removal and cross section of the almond tree affected by 2,4-D uptake through improper herbicide application. Speaking with the grower, we went through a variety of orchard activities that may have caused the damage.  That led to discussions about fertilizers, herbicides, and any other cultural practices. Everything seemed to be reasonable, so the conversation turned towards orchard activities that occurred prior to the flood event. The grower admitted that an herbicide application of 2,4-D was made  36 hours prior to the irrigation. 2,4-D was applied at the full label concentration and was used