Adequate chill and recent warm temperatures have accelerated almond bloom. Timing is close to “normal” in southern and southwestern areas of the State, but are 1-3 weeks ahead further north. Below are some thoughts to keep in mind with the anticipation of rain this week. Authors note (2-16-2015): There has been some concern about the wording around the time of nutrient/boron sprays and bloom. Research has shown that boron applied postharvest to 10% bloom can increase yield, while applied later than 10% bloom will not have an impact. Nutrient sprays-with the exception of boron as described in the previous sentence- have not been found by researchers to increase yield when applied at bloom. Sorry for the confusion. Fungicides are usually effective for about 14 days after an application. This period of protection is decreased with rain events. Furthermore, as surface areas expands – whether it is the flowers or leaves – newly exposed tissues are unprotected from infection. This means that spraying too early may not provide the wanted protection. If planning to make a fungicide application, apply the material as close to the rain event as possible. Remember that it needs between 30-60 minutes to dry. Depending on the pre- and post-rain conditions, and the periods of leaf wetness, a fungicide spray may not be needed. Keep in mind that fungal diseases require several hour periods of leaf wetness – which comes from fog, dew, and rain. Be cautious with adding additional surfactants. Most fungicides have surfactants mixed with the active ingredient. Adding additional surfactants may impact the efficacy of the fungicide, damage the flower’s tender tissues, or impact bees. The label should indicate if a surfactant is needed. Avoid tank mixing in boric acid with sprays made during bloom when bees are active(1). Researchers at the University of California as well as around