Recent IPM practices have advised the use of IGRs (*1) diflubenzuron (Dimilin) at bloom time to control PTB larvae. This timing has been shown to be highly effective. Work by several scientists, including researchers from USDA-Tuscon Haydeen Bee Research Lab, Ohio State University, Oregon State University, BASF, and UC Davis (*2), however, has suggested that this may not be the best timing for bee health. Below is a email sent by Dr. Mussen for distribution. It basically concludes that the bloom timing for IGRs may harm bees, and should be avoided if possible.  Delayed dormant and May spray applications of these products can and should be considered for PTB control. Email from Eric Mussen, UC Entomologist/Apiculturist: