After receiving the results of a water analysis, there are several components that need to be reviewed to determine suitability of the water for the planted crop. If the water does not meet the expected suitability range, it may require ammendments (e.g. gypsum or acid) or mixing with other water sources to prevent crop loss. Below are five questions that are usually asked when reviewing a water sample as well as some other information regarding a water analysis and conversions. Does the salt concentration (ECw) pose a potential problem (osmotic effects)?  Crop  Unit Degree of growth or yield reduction None Increasing Severe Almond and Walnut dS/m <1.1 1.1 -3.2 >3.2 Pistachio dS/m <4.0 4.0 – 8.0 >8.0 Are there specific elements (B, Cl, and Na) that could accumulate to potentially toxic levels?  Element  Unit  Crop Degree of growth or yield reduction None Increasing Severe B (boron) mg/l (ppm) Almond and Walnut <0.5 0.5 – 3.0 >3.0 Pistachio <4.0 4.0 – 10 >10.0 Cl (chloride) meq/l Almond and Walnut <4.0 4.0 – 10 >10.0 Pistachio <20.0 20 – 40 >40.0 Na (sodium) SAR(none) Almond and Walnut <3.0 3.0 – 9.0 >9.0 Pistachio <5.0 5.0 – 10 >10.0 Na (sodium) meq/l Almond and Walnut <4.0 4.0 – 7.0 >7.0 Pistachio <20.0 20 – 40 >40.0 Could the water chemistry contribute to unstable surface soil structure and lower water infiltration rates?  Lab Information  Unit Potential of Water Infiltration Problems Developing Unlikely Increasing Likelihood Likely Ratio of SAR/ECw ratio <5.0 5.0 – 10.0 >10 Ratio Ca/Mg ratio >2.0 2.0 – 1.0 <1.0 Could the water chemistry be prone to plugging drip emitters, microsprinklers, or filters?  Lab Information  Unit Potential for Water Infiltration Problems Developing Unlikely Increasing Likelihood Likely ECw dS/m <0.8 0.8 to 3.0 >3.0 HCO3+CO3 meq/l <2.0 2.0 – 4.0 >4.0 Mn (manganese) mg/l <0.1 0.1