We have completed our data analysis of our 2013 navel orangeworm trial from an orchard near Le Grand, CA. Below is the report:
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy Brigade (bifenthrin pyrethroid), Proclaim (Emamectin benzoate), Brigade+Proclaim, Altacor (rynaxypyr), Entrust (spinosad), Intrepid (methoxyfenocide), and two different rates of Intrepid Edge™ (spinetoram and methoxyfenozide, GF 3028) for control of navel orangeworm (NOW) timed at Monterrey hull-split in California almonds.
Target Pests: Navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella.
Application Timing: Insecticides applied to ‘Monterey’ at approximately 10% hull split (July 23, 2013).
Target Pest Stage at Application: Eggs and early larval stages.
Application Methods: Plot was established as a randomized complete block design with five blocks of a single tree. Nine treatments were applied which include Brigade at 16 oz/acre, Proclaim at 4.5 oz/acre, a combination of Brigade and Proclaim at 16 and 4.5 oz/acre, respectively, Altacor at 4.5 oz/acre, Entrust at 10 fl oz/acre, Intrepid at 16 fl oz/acre, Intrepid Edge™ at 10 and 12 fl oz/acre for the low and high treatment, respectively, and a control. Latron B-1956 was added as an adjuvant to every treatment at 3.2 fl oz for every 100 gallons of water. Treatments were applied using a hand-held spray gun using approximately 2 gallons per tree.
Orchard: ‘Nonpareil’ and ‘Monterey’ orchard at 20 ft x 18 ft spacing, 110 trees per acre, 360 sq ft per tree. The orchard was a fifth leaf almond orchard located near Le Grand, CA. Only ‘Monterey’ trees were treated in this experiment. Nuts were harvested on August 30th.
Evaluation Methods: Two hundred and fifty (250) nuts were collected and cracked-out for each of five (5) replications, resulting in 1,250 nuts per treatment. Percent damage by larval feeding on kernels was determined per treatment.
Table 1: Treatments and rates used within the 2013 Navel Orangeworm hull-split trial in Merced County.
Treatment* | Company |
Method |
Rate |
Rate/Tree |
Brigade |
FMC |
Solid |
16 oz./acre |
0.15 oz./4.12g |
Proclaim+Brigade | Syngenta+FMC |
Solid |
4.5+ 16 oz./acre |
0.04 oz./1.16g+ 0.15 oz./4.12g |
Altacor |
Du Pont |
Solid |
4.5 oz./acre |
0.04 oz./1.16g |
Intrepid |
Dow AgroSciences |
Liquid |
16 fl. oz./acre |
0.15 fl. oz./4.4 mL |
GF 3028 (Intrepid Edge™) High | Dow AgroSciences |
Liquid |
12 fl. oz./acre |
0.11 fl. oz./3.3 mL |
GF 3028 (Intrepid Edge™) Low | Dow AgroSciences |
Liquid |
10 fl. oz./acre |
0.09 fl. oz./2.7 mL |
Proclaim | Syngenta |
Solid |
4.5 oz./acre |
0.04 oz./1.16g |
Entrust |
Dow AgroSciences |
Liquid |
10 fl. oz./acre |
0.09 fl. oz./2.7mL |
Water Control |
* Latron B-1956 was added as an adjuvant at 3.2 fl oz for every 100 gallons of water.
Table 2: Navel Orangeworm (NOW) nut infestation rates among treatments.
Treatment |
% Nuts Infested w/NOW 1 |
Proclaim+Brigade |
0.88A |
Altacor |
0.96A |
Brigade |
1.04A |
Intrepid |
1.12A |
GF 3028 (Intrepid Edge™) High |
1.28AB |
GF 3028 (Intrepid Edge™) Low |
1.36AB |
Proclaim |
1.44AB |
Entrust |
2.00AB |
Control |
3.20B |
1 Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (one-way ANOVA, Tukey-Kramer HSD, p < 0.05). Data ArcSin(√(%)) transformed to meet assumption of normality.
A big thanks to Sperling Orchards for hosting this trial.
Jim J
November 2, 2013I would like to see low vs. high VOC included in the description. High VOC sprays might be banned in 2015. If a low VOC spray works, it would be wise to use it now. The DPR is adding up the total VOC amount and if a trigger amount is exceeded, high VOCs can not be used. There are some limited exceptions. The potential resistance problems could be a nightmare.
David Doll
November 13, 2013That is a great idea, Jim. I will work with UC IPM to include this in their charts and recommendations online.
David